Gun type oil burner



Feb "7, 150 A. CADELLA 2,495,775

GUN TYPE OIL BURNER Filed June 20, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR THUNY 'E'AJJELLA BY I Feb. 7, 1950 A. CADELLA GUN TYPE OIL BURNER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 20, 1946 INVENTOR ANTHDNY EADELL Patented F ch. 7, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE 2,496,775 GUN TYPE 01L BURNER Anthony CadellmFairfield; Conn. Application Junezo, ieteiseriamo. 678,005

4 Claims. (01." 158 76) This invention relates to new and useful improvements in liquid fuel burners and has particular relation to means for controlling the air flow through the air blast pipe of a gun type oil burner.

An object of the invention is to' provide a readily adjustable means for controlling the air flow through the air, blast pipe of a gun type burner whereby to regulate said air flow in accordance with the requirements of various capacities of nozzles, the latter .being used in accordance with the requirements of a particular installation. The present control means is adapted to be adjusted at the time of installation and to thereafter remain in fixed position, the air then being supplied in accordance with the fuel volume to the end that air-is supplied in the proper amount for the support of a clean and more efficient flame.

Other objects andadvantagesof the invention,

will become apparent from a consideration'of the following detailed description taken'in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein -a satisfactory embodiment of the invention is shown. However, it is to be'understoodthat the invention is not limited to the details disclosed but includes all such variations and modifications as fall within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended'claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a view partly in section and partly'in elevation through the forward or'discharge end of an air blast pipe of a gun type oil burner showing the present meansin closed position;

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing the parts in central vertical section;

Fig. 3 is an isometric-view of the discharge end portion of the air blast pipe;

Fig. 4 is a similar viewof a in said pipe; and

Fig. 5 is a sectional view through the forward portion of the pipe and illustrating aportion of the air regulating means in open position.

Referring in detail to the drawings, at In is generally indicated the forward end portion of an air blast pipe of a liquid fuel burner, as an oil burner of the gun type. As is customary and conventional in these structures means (not shown) will be connected with the rear end of the pipe III for the purpose of supplying air thereto. Toward its forward end, pipe I is carried inwardly at I I and then continued forwardlyproviding a reduced diameter discharge end portion I2. Located centrally within this portion I2 is afuel eansoperable in ;of-afuel supply tube I4 which latter extends rearwardly through the longitudinal center of the pipe" I0. I

Integral with the inner surface of pipe discharge portion I2 isa series of helical vanes I adapted to impart a spiral twist to the air passing between them. If desired; the vanes I5 may be formed separate from the pipe I0 and thereafter mounted in the pipe portion I2. In addition to functioning for the purpose of imparting a twist to the air, these vanes also function as'portions of a means for varying the effective cross sectional area of the opening in the pipe portion I2. Thus vanes I5 cooperate with straight blade-like vanes I6 carried by an annulus or ring device I! located within the pipe II) inwardly of supply nozzle I3 connected with .the'iorward' end '56 vanes on such ring are inthe pipe III.

the reduced diameter end portion I2 thereof. The ring I 'I is of substantially the internal diameter of the main or body portion of pipe I0,

as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but the vanes "I6 are connected with such ring by radially extending portions I8 whereby the vanes I6 are adapted to enter between the adjacent helical vanes I5. To prevent turning of the ring I1 and its vanes relative to the vanes IS, a lug 20 is formed in association with one of the helical vanesras the helical vane I5a, whereby thereis a narrow passage 2| between the rear end of said vane I50. and the free edge of the lug 20, such .passage being of a width to accommodate one of the vanes I6, as the vane I6a. Since the vane I60, is received in the space 2I, it will be clear that such vane may have only a rectilinear movement and therefore the ring I! and the other prevented from turning A- rod 22 is connected to the ring I! for adjusting thesame longitudinally of the pipe I0 so as to position the vanes I 6 more or less within the pipe portion I2. This rod extends rearwardly to any desired position or connection in the pipe II]. As this rod is moved longitudinally forwardly, the ring I! may be carried forward to the extreme position of Figs. 1 and 2. In such instance-blades I5 are moved forwardly until they are in engagement with longitudinally spaced portions of opposing sides or faces of adjacent pairs of thehelical blades. Thus, in Fig. 1 and 2 any blade I6 is engaged by rear corner portion of. one helical vane and then a forward corner .portion of such blade engages or substantially engages the side surface of the next adjacent helical vane. Therefore when the ring I! is in this. forward position the spaces between the helical vanes are blocked or substantially blocked and there is substantially no passage of air through such spaces However, by drawing rearwardly on the rod 22, the ring I! and the vanes |6 are drawn rearwardly to the extent desired and as the vanes are drawn rearwardly their forward corner portions are immediately taken out of engagement with the side faces of the helical vanes I5 providing openings for the passage of some air between them. Preferably the rearwardmost position of ring I1 is such that the vanes |6 are not wholly withdrawn from the pipe portion |2 and especially so that the vane |6a is still entered into the restriction space 2| so as to guide the ring '1?- and the other vanes should it be necessary to again adjust them forwardly.

With this described construction it will be seen that the effective internal diameter of the dis charge portion |2 of the pipe ||i may be changed from a maximum, when the blades iii are sub- "stantially entirely withdrawn from between the blades l5, to a minimum, when the blades it are in their forwardmost positions. At this latter time, the eifective internal diameter of the pipe portion i2, that is, the internal diameter of such pipe portion available for the passage of air, is only the diameter measured between the inner "longitudinal edges of a pair of oppositely disposed helical vanes. In this connection, it will be understood that the helical vanes extend entirely about the inner periphery of pipe portion |2 and that the vanes it are provided in like number so the effective cross sectional area of the opening in the pipe portion 12 may be reduced I'to the extent indicated.

Within the main body of the pipe H! is a body or head-like means generally indicated 25, mounted on the tube I l and secured in the desired position thereon as by a set screw 26. This body or means has an operating rod 22 slidably "passed therethrough and functions as a guide and support for said rod. In addition, the means or-body .25 supports insulators 21 for any of the usual electrodes 28.

Aboutthe outer side of the head-like means or body 25 are a series of helical vanes 29 extending between said means and the inner surface of the pipe Hi and, in fact, engaging such surface of the pipe whereby the weight of the means is not supported entirely by the tube H but such means functions to assist in supporting said tube. It will be clear that the vanes 29 will function to impart a twist to air passing through'the pipe l0 'about the body of the head-like means or body 25 and in this connection it is noted that while the vanes 29 need not be of the pitch of the vanes i5, both sets of such vanes are preferably shaped and positioned to twist the air in the same At their rear ends each of general direction. the vanes 29 includes a short flat section 3|], shown as extending in a direction parallel with the longitudinal axis of the pipe "I. 1 Mounted on the tube 14 for adjustable sliding movement therealong is an air passage regulatingmeans generally designated 3| and including 'a disc or plate-like body 32 centrally enlarged to provide a hub-like portion 33 embracing and slidable on said tube. For the purpose of adjusting the air passage regulating means 3| on the tube l4, an operating rod 34 is connected with the body 32 and extends rearwardly in the pipe |9 for operation or for connection with any suitable operating means. U

Extending forwardly and radially of the body 32 of means 3| are a series of straight bladelike vanes 35, the outer edges of which may engage the inner surface of pipe I0 and the inner edges of which are adapted to engage or to just pass over the outer surface of the body of the 5 head-like means 25. The vanes 35 are of course movable with the body 32 of the air regulating means 3|. Further, it will be understood from previous description that the vanes 35 are of the ,height or width of the helical vanes 29. Device 3| is shiftable between a closed position, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and an open position as shown in Fig. 5 on manipulation of the rod 34.

In Figs. 1 and 2 air passage regulating means 3| is in its-forwardmost or closed position. There it will be noted that each vane 35 of said means is against or substantially against one of the flat portions of one of the vanes 29 and that the forward edge of each of such vane is in engagement with, or substantially in engagement with, a side face of the next adjacent helical vane 29. Therefore in the described forwardmost or closed position of the air passage regulating means 3|, it will be seen that air is substantially prevented from moving forwardly through the pipe l0. Head-like means 25 effectively blocks the central portion of the pipe and each of the vanes 35 being in engagement with a pair of adjacent helical vanes 29, air may not move forwardly in the pipe between such helical vanes.

From this extreme forward or closed position the means 3| may be adjusted to any desired extent back to a fully open position. It will be clear that on the first rearward movement of the means 3| from the position of Figs. 1 and 2, the forward ends of the vanes 35 will be carried away from the side faces of vanes 29 providing for the movement of some air through the pipe i0 between such vanes 29. This rearward movement may continue until the means 3| is in fully open position, as suggested in Fig. 5.

' There the vanes are only in engagement with the-fiat extensions 30 of the vanes 29 so that the space between such latter vanes is wide open forthe passage of air. In this connection it is noted-that the straight vanes 35 will not interfere with the vanes 29 imparting a twist or spiral movement to the air passing forwardly between them. It will be understood that spiral movement imparted to the air by the vanes 29 and the vanes I5 is beneficial in assisting in breaking the oil spray and in the matter of having the burner produce an eifective flame.

- From the foregoing description it will be understood that the means of the invention provides for the imparting of a twist to the air passing through the pipe i0 and in addition provides means for regulating the volume of air passing about the head-like means 25 and also for effecting the velocity of the air thus passing through. This latter is true since if the blower is'going at a single speed, as the passages between the vanes 29 are partly closed and the area of the air reduced, the velocity will be increased.

In addition to the above, the vanes H5 in cooperation with the vanes I5 control the velocity of air moving through the discharge end of pipe l0 immediately about the nozzle and further control the diameter of such a volume of air in addition to imparting a spiral twist to the latter. The vanes H3 and 35 are adjustable each as a unit but each independent of the other unit. Therefore, the volume of air passing through the pipe portion |2 may be carefully regulated to confine the flame or to permit the flame to be 76 larger and the total volume admitted through the pipe l0 about the head-like means 2-! may also be controlled in order to properly support combustion at the nozzle.

With the present construction, a single size burner may be used in a variety of installations each requiring a different fuel capacity. It is not necessary to make up a pipe l0 and accompanying structure for each installation since by applying the proper nozzle and properly manipulating the rods 22 and 34 to adjust the v-anes l6 and 35, a flame proper for any particular installation, within a considerable range, is provided for.

Having thus set forth the nature of my invention, what I claim is:

1. In a liquid fuel burner including an air blast pipe having a discharge end portion, a fuel spray nozzle slightly inwardly of the discharge end of said pipe and a fuel supply tube connected with said nozzle, a body of less external diameter than the internal diameter of said pipe and arranged coaxially of the longitudinal center of said pipe inwardly of said discharge end portion and said nozzle and blocking the passage of air through the coaxial center of the pipe, means adjustable in the space between the outer periphery of said body and the inner periphery of said pipe to and from a position substantially closing said space whereby to regulate the volume of air passing through the pipe about said body, spaced helical vanes located about the inner periphery of the discharge portion of said pipe and extending from a point inwardly of the discharge end of said nozzle to a point forwardly thereof for imparting a twist to air passing through the said discharge portion of the pipe about said nozzle, and means movable into and out of the spaces between said vanes for closing the passages therebetween in accordance with the extent to which the means is moved into said spaces to thereby vary. the effective internal cross sectional area of said discharge pipe portion whereby the velocity of' air vmoving through said discharge pipe portion may be maintained when the first mentioned means has been adjusted to reduce the volume of air passing about said body.

2. In a liquid fuel burner including an air blast pipe having a discharge end portion, a fuel spray nozzle slightly inwardly of the discharge end of said pipe and a fuel supply tube connected with said nozzle, a body of less external diameter than the internal diameter of said pipe and arranged coaxially of the longitudinal center of said pipe inwardly of said discharge end portion and said nozzle and blocking the passage of air through the coaxial center of the pipe, spaced helical vanes located about said body between the outer periphery thereof and the inner periphery of said pipe, means including a series of spaced straight vanes, means mounting said straight vanes for movement longitudinally of said pipe into the spaces between adjacent pairs of said helical vanes for closing said spaces in accordance with the extent to which the straight vanes are moved into said spaces to thereby regulate thelyol un ie of air passing through the pipe about said-body, spaced helical vanes located about the innerlperiphery of the discharge portion of said pipeiand extending from a point inwardly of the discharge end of said nozzle to a point forwardly thereof for imparting a twist to air passing through the. said discharge portion of the pipe about said nozzle,

and means movable into and out of the spaces between said vanes for closing the passages therebetween in accordance with the extent to which the means is moved into said spaces to thereby vary the effective internal cross sectional area of said discharge pipe portion whereby the velocity of air moving through said discharge pipe portion may be maintained when the first mentioned means has been adjusted to reduce the volume of air passing about said body.

3. In a liquid fuel burner including an air blast pipe having a discharge end portion and a fuel spray nozzle in the coaxial center of said discharge end portion and having its spray opening forwardly of the inner end of said portion and rearwardly of the discharge end of said portion, a series of spaced helical vanes about the inner periphery of said portion and extending for the length thereof, a series of straight vanes in said pipe and shiftable longitudinally thereof to and from positions extending between the vanes of the first series, and said vanes of the second series of a length whereby when they are moved into the spaces between the vanes of the first series to substantially engage at longitudinally spaced points located respectively rearwardly and forwardly of the spray opening of said nozzle the opposing sides of adjacent vanes of the first series to substantially close the passage of air longitudinally between such adjacent vanes of the first series between said points and effectively for the distance between said points change the effective internal cross sectional area of said discharge portion of the pipe.

4. In a liquid fuel burner including an air blast pipe having a discharge end portion and a fuel spray nozzle in the coaxial center of said discharge end portion and having its spray opening forwardly of the inner end of said portion and rearwardly of the discharge end of said portion, a series of spaced helical vanes of uniform depth about the inner periphery of said portion and extending for the length thereof, a series of straight vanes of uniform depth in said pipe and shiftable longitudinally thereof to and from positions extending between the vanes of the first series, and said vanes of the second series of a length whereby when they are moved into the spaces between the vanes of the first series to substantially engage at longitudinally spaced points located respectively rearwardly and forwardly of the spray opening of said nozzle the opposing sides of ad jacent vanes of the first series to substantially close the passage of air longitudinally between such adjacent vanes of the first series between said points and effectively for the distance between said points change the effective internal cross sectional area of said discharge portion of the pipe.

ANTHONY CADELLA.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,086,713 Irish Feb. 10, 1914 1,897,310 Kiefer Feb. 14, 1933 2,222,031 Hammer Nov, 19, 1940 2,232,040 Smoot Feb. 18, 1941 2,308,439 Carroll Jan. 12, 1943 

